The term "deep time" was phrased by American writer John McPhee in his book, Basin and Range, first published in 1981. The geologic time scale is a way of representing deep time based on events that have occurred throughout Earth’s history, a time span of 4.54 billion years. It chronologically organises strata, and subsequently time, by observing fundamental changes in stratigraphy that correspond to major geological or paleontological events.